life science

The importance of being small: miniaturisation of freeze drying equipment

Developmental activities for freeze-dried products are dictated by the limited availability and high cost of newly developed active compounds, and by Quality-by-Design requirements. Laboratory-scale freeze dryers used for formulation and process development show an excessive variety of designs and instrumentation concepts, making scale-up activities a challenge. The development of miniaturised equipment may provide enormous benefits in terms of development times and costs.

Temperature-controlled microscopy enhances research of chemical processes in polar ice

The polar regions of the Antarctic and the Arctic are indicators of the changing global climate, and there is a lot of research underway to investigate how changing conditions will affect the polar ecosystems and beyond. The Korean Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) uses Raman spectroscopy in combination with Linkam stages to study ice crystals and chemical processes in polar ice in order to better understand climate change.